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A surgical procedure that creates a temporary bypass between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery. This procedure is used in infants with severe congenital heart defects such as tetralogy of Fallot, where blood flow to the lungs is restricted. The shunt allows more blood to flow to the lungs for oxygenation while other corrective surgeries are planned later.

A stage of surgery performed in patients with single ventricle defects, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The Glenn procedure connects the superior vena cava directly to the pulmonary artery, allowing for increased blood flow to the lungs. It is typically performed after the first stage of the Fontan procedure and is crucial for improving oxygenation and reducing strain on the heart.

A series of surgeries designed to treat single ventricle defects, where one of the heart’s chambers is underdeveloped. The Fontan procedure redirects blood flow from the body to the lungs without passing through the heart. This surgery is typically performed in stages, with the final procedure offering long-term benefits and improving oxygenation for patients with complex congenital heart conditions.

Similar to ASD repair, this procedure focuses on closing a hole between the heart’s two upper chambers. It prevents abnormal blood flow between the atria and reduces the risk of complications like stroke. The closure is typically achieved via catheter-based techniques or surgery, depending on the size and location of the hole. Repair restores normal blood circulation and improves overall heart function.

Involves closing a hole in the septum between the heart's two lower chambers (ventricles). VSD can cause heart enlargement and lung congestion due to abnormal blood flow. Repairing this defect improves heart function and oxygenation of blood. This procedure can be performed using a patch or stitching, and minimally invasive techniques are often an option for certain patients.

A procedure to close a ductus arteriosus that fails to close naturally after birth. PDA can lead to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery, causing strain on the heart. The closure is typically done using a catheter inserted into the blood vessels, which places a coil or occluder device to seal the ductus. In some cases, surgery may be needed for larger or more complicated PDAs.

A congenital defect where the two main arteries of the heart are reversed, leading to improper oxygenation of the blood. Surgical intervention, typically involving an arterial switch operation, repositions the arteries to their correct positions, ensuring proper oxygenation. This procedure is critical for survival, as untreated D-TGA can result in severe cyanosis and organ failure.

A surgery performed to reduce excessive blood flow to the lungs in infants with congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). PAB is a temporary measure used to stabilize patients before a more definitive repair. The procedure involves placing a band around the pulmonary artery to control blood flow and protect the lungs from damage due to overload.

A complex procedure to correct a birth defect where the pulmonary valve does not develop properly, blocking blood flow to the lungs. Surgical intervention is needed to create an artificial pathway for blood flow to the lungs, either by using a graft or a shunt. This is often done in stages, with multiple surgeries over time to improve oxygenation and heart function.

A procedure typically performed to correct dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA), where the positions of the pulmonary artery and aorta are reversed. This surgery switches the arteries back to their normal positions, allowing for proper blood oxygenation. Arterial switch surgery is typically done in the first few days of life and is critical for survival and healthy heart function.

A procedure often used in newborns with congenital heart defects like transposition of the great arteries. It involves inserting a balloon catheter into the atrial septum and inflating it to create a hole. This improves oxygenation and allows blood to mix between the atria. Balloon atrial septostomy is usually a temporary measure until a more definitive surgery can be performed.

A surgery to close a hole in the wall between the heart’s two upper chambers (atria). This defect can cause blood to flow abnormally between the atria, potentially leading to heart enlargement, stroke, or heart failure. Repairing the ASD restores normal blood flow and improves oxygenation. The procedure can be done through a minimally invasive catheter or traditional open-heart surgery, depending on the size and location of the defect.

A surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by creating a new pathway around blocked coronary arteries. Surgeons use healthy blood vessels from the chest, arms, or legs to bypass the obstructions. This reduces chest pain (angina) and lowers the risk of heart attack. CABG is often performed when coronary arteries become severely narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis. Post-surgery, patients experience improved quality of life, with increased exercise tolerance and reduced heart failure symptoms.

A surgical intervention to replace a diseased aortic valve with a mechanical or tissue valve. It ensures proper blood flow from the heart to the body and improves overall cardiac efficiency. Aortic valve disease can cause severe heart failure, chest pain, and fainting, which are alleviated by the procedure. This surgery improves the quality of life and long-term prognosis for patients with aortic stenosis or regurgitation.

Involves replacing a severely damaged mitral valve with an artificial or biological valve. This surgery improves blood flow, reduces heart strain, and enhances overall health and quality of life. A damaged mitral valve can cause blood to leak backward into the lungs, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. The replacement of the valve restores normal blood flow and reduces these symptoms.

A repeat coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed to address new blockages or failed previous grafts. It ensures continued blood flow and prevents further complications. Redo CABG is often necessary for patients who have undergone an initial bypass surgery but later develop blockages in grafted arteries.

A procedure to remove tumors from the heart, which may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). This surgery prevents complications such as blocked blood flow, embolism, or irregular heartbeats, ensuring normal cardiac function. Cardiac tumors, though rare, can cause significant issues like heart failure, arrhythmias, or embolic strokes. Depending on the tumor's size, location, and type, surgery can be performed via traditional open heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques.

The Automated Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator is a small device implanted in the chest to monitor heart rhythms. It delivers electrical shocks to correct abnormal rhythms and prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias. The AICD is crucial for patients with severe heart failure or those who have experienced previous episodes of life-threatening arrhythmias. The device continuously monitors the heart and delivers shocks when necessary to restore normal rhythm, often saving lives in emergency situations.

A modern approach that uses small incisions instead of a large opening in the chest. This type of surgery is used for valve repair, bypass procedures, and other heart conditions, offering faster recovery, less pain, and reduced scarring. It involves the use of endoscopic tools and robotic assistance to perform delicate heart operations. The reduced trauma to the body means less blood loss, fewer complications, and a quicker return to daily activities for the patient.

Involves replacing a damaged or malfunctioning tricuspid valve, which regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. This surgery enhances blood circulation and reduces symptoms like swelling and fatigue. When the tricuspid valve becomes stenotic or regurgitant, it can cause blood to back up into the veins, leading to severe swelling and shortness of breath. The replacement of the valve restores proper blood flow, helping to alleviate these symptoms and improve heart function.

Replaces damaged or diseased heart valves with mechanical or biological valves. The procedure restores normal blood flow and reduces symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling. It is critical for preventing heart failure. Valve replacement is necessary when the heart valves become stiff or leak, which hampers blood flow. Depending on the type of valve used, the patient may need long-term anticoagulation therapy, especially if a mechanical valve is used.